On February 11, 1768 the Massachusetts House sent a "circular letter" to the other colonies urging united protest of the Townshend duties.
"It seems to be necessary that all possible care should be taken that the representatives of the several assemblies, upon so delicate a point, should harmonize with each other."
– Massachsuetts House Letter To Colonial Legislatures
”The Glorious 92
In London, the Earl of Hillsborough, colonial secretary, demanded that the circular letter be rescinded and implied a military response. "Proper Care will be taken for the Support of the Dignity of Government." The Massachusetts House rejected the demand by a vote of 92 to 17. Largely forgotten today, the "Glorious Ninety Two" were celebrated. In response, Governor Bernard closed the legislative session.
British Reaction . . .
British reaction to the Circular Letter, Denys DeBerdt was hired to represent Massachusetts interests in London. He warns that actions in circulating a letter to the other provinces "greatly displease the Administration some of whom say it is little better than an invitation to Rebellion."
- Massachusetts Archives
William Hogarth . . .
William Hogarth created this sketch of British radical john Wilkes whose activities inspired American opponents of British policy.
- National Gallery of Art - Washington D.C.
Wilkes and Liberty
The ninety-two who voted against rescinding the circular letter were toasted in Boston and other colonial cities. Their actions were linked to those of John Wilkes, a British radical who questioned the role of the King and Parliament and urged an extension of voting rights. His publication North Briton was read in America. The 45th edition, "North Briton 45," led to his arrest. A gathering in South Carolina raised 92 toasts to the Massachusetts Assembly followed by 45 more for John Wilkes.
Paul Revere Bowls . . .
Paul Revere created a commemorative bowl to honor the 92 who refused to rescind the circular letter. The design has become classic. "Paul Revere bowls," still widely reproduced, fallowed this basic design. The original is displayed at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
- Boston History Guy
Detail . .
Inscription on the original Paul Revere bowl.
- National Gallery of Art - Washington D.C.
Say it with Turtles
To commemorate the "Glorious 92," the Sons of Liberty sent two turtles to John Wilkes, one weighed fortyfive pounds the other forty-seven, for a total of ninety-two. In eighteenth century England, turtles were considered an epicurean delight and Wilkes was known to indulge.
- BRITISH MUSEUM